Post-quantum cryptography migration

We find where your systems use RSA and elliptic-curve cryptography and move them to NIST’s post-quantum algorithms, starting with the data that has to stay secret longest.

Executive Order 14412 sets federal deadlines in 2030 and 2031, and directs a FAR rule that would hold contractors to the first.

The federal timeline

  1. FIPS 203, 204 and 205 published

    ML-KEM for key establishment; ML-DSA and SLH-DSA for signatures.

  2. Executive Order 14412

    Sets the federal deadlines below and directs a FAR rule for contractors.

  3. CNSA 2.0 for new national security systems

    New acquisitions must comply.

  4. TLS 1.3 in every agency

    Or a successor version.

  5. Post-quantum key establishment

    On high-value assets and high-impact systems. The FAR rule would hold covered contractors to the same date.

  6. Post-quantum signatures

    On the same systems.

  7. Quantum-vulnerable algorithms disallowed

    Proposed in NIST’s draft IR 8547.

Sources: FIPS 203 (opens in a new tab); Executive Order 14412 (opens in a new tab), 91 FR 38483; OMB M-26-15 (opens in a new tab); NSA’s CNSA 2.0 FAQ (opens in a new tab); NIST IR 8547 (draft) (opens in a new tab).

Mosca’s test for when to start

Traffic encrypted today with RSA or elliptic-curve keys can be recorded now and decrypted once a quantum computer can break those keys. Michele Mosca’s test puts three numbers on that risk, and you can enter your own below.

Harvest now, decrypt laterMosca’s x + y > z
Your numbers, in years

x + y against z15 > 12

Exposed. Data you protect with RSA or elliptic-curve keys until your migration ends could be read for 3 years while it still has to stay secret. Recording it today is enough.

The test is Michele Mosca’s (Cybersecurity in an era with quantum computers: will we be ready?, IACR ePrint 2015/1075): “If x + y > z, we have a serious problem today.” Nobody knows z; set your own. The marked dates are federal deadlines, not forecasts.

Moving off RSA and elliptic-curve cryptography

Cryptographic inventory

We find where your systems establish keys and sign: TLS endpoints, VPNs, SSH, certificates, code signing and the libraries underneath them. Each entry records the algorithm, the key length, the system, the vendor and how long the data it protects must stay secret.

Inventory
In the fields OMB asks agencies to report.

Prioritization

Data that must stay secret for years is already at risk, because traffic recorded today can be decrypted once a large enough quantum computer exists. We rank systems by how long their data has to stay secret and by the deadline that applies to them, and move key establishment before signatures, the order federal policy sets.

Migration plan
Each system with its target algorithm, owner, vendor dependency and date.

Migration

We move key establishment to ML-KEM, usually first as a hybrid with the algorithm already in use, and signatures to ML-DSA or SLH-DSA, in FIPS 140-3 validated modules. A vendor product that cannot change yet goes on the plan with its replacement date.

Cryptographic modules and algorithms, explained

Crypto agility

Where the software allows it, we make the algorithm a setting, ready for FN-DSA and HQC when NIST finishes them.

Post-quantum questions

Do contractors have to use post-quantum cryptography yet?
Executive Order 14412 directs the FAR Council to propose a rule requiring covered contractors to comply with NIST’s FIPS, including the post-quantum standards, by December 31, 2030. Until a final rule is in your contract, your contract’s own clauses decide. National security systems follow CNSA 2.0, which applies to new acquisitions from January 1, 2027.
Is RSA disallowed in 2030?
No. NIST’s draft IR 8547 proposes deprecating 112-bit RSA and elliptic-curve algorithms after 2030 and disallowing every quantum-vulnerable public-key algorithm after 2035. The 2030 and 2031 dates in Executive Order 14412 are for moving high-value and high-impact federal systems to post-quantum key establishment and signatures.
Can we buy FIPS-validated modules with the new algorithms?
Yes. The Cryptographic Module Validation Program now issues FIPS 140-3 certificates that list ML-KEM and ML-DSA. We check the certificate of every module on your plan.